The cyclic alternating pattern and the brainbodycoupling. A knowledge discovery methodology from eeg data for cyclic. Visual and automatic cyclic alternating pattern cap scoring scielo. It is characterized by cyclic sequences of cerebral activation phase a followed by periods of deactivation phase b which separate two successive phase a periods with an interval cyclic alternating pattern cap is defined as periodic electroencephalogram eeg activity during nonrapid eye movement nrem sleep. Mar 01, 2014 sleep cyclic alternating pattern cap is a physiologic oscillatory phenomenon occurring during nrem sleep. This cyclic motor pattern could be restricted to the rectum but was often congruent with a 3 cpm cyclic motor pattern in the sigmoid figure 3. Cvs was used to develop the software in the des cracker project to investigate the strength of the des encryption standard. Drago, valeria 2011 cyclic alternating pattern in sleep and its relationship to creativity, dissertation thesis, alma mater studiorum universita di bologna. The microstructure is expressed as recurring events of electrical brain activity that form the socalled cyclic alternating pattern cap. Sleep, cyclic alternating pattern, time structure, markov pro cess, entropy. Effect of carbamazepine on the sleep microstructure of. Cyclic alternating pattern the alternation of the above defined sleep stages represents the macrodynamics of brain. Methods for the analysis and interpretation of the cyclic. Sleep cyclic alternating pattern cap is a physiologic oscillatory phenomenon occurring during nrem sleep.
Each phase of cyclic alternating pattern is 2 to 60 s in duration. This analysis of sleep eeg is not necessary well recognized or understood. The proposed model uses additional feature engineering to incorporate sequential information for training a classifier to predict the occurrence of cyclic alternating pattern cap sequences in the sleep cycle, which are. It is a pattern of spontaneous cortical activity, which is ongoing and in the absence of sensory. We recorded scalp and cortical hemodynamics with near. The cyclic alternating pattern and the brainbodycoupling during. A portable wireless device for cyclic alternating pattern estimation. Detection and quantification of cyclic alternating patterns cap components has the potential. Comparison between visual scoring of cyclic alternating pattern cap and computerized assessment of slow eeg oscillations in the transition from light to deep nonrem sleep. The cyclic alternating pattern cap of eeg activity during sleep. Each aphase is separated by a bphase which has the basal frequency of the eeg during. Cyclic alternating pattern cap is defined as periodic electroencephalogram eeg activity during nonrapid eye movement nrem sleep. Cyclic alternating pattern cap is the eeg marker of unstable sleep. The cyclic alternating pattern cap, that is, cyclic variation of brain activity within nonrem sleep stages, is related to sleep instability and.
Visual and automatic cyclic alternating pattern cap scoring. A machine learning model for identifying cyclic alternating. Cyclic opposes government restrictions on encryption technology. Unlike the theory of social evolutionism, which views the evolution of society and human history as progressing in some new, unique directions, sociological cycle theory argues that events and stages of society and history generally repeat themselves in cycles. Different approach gives the idea of cyclic alternating pattern cap. Unlike the wellknown electrical activity of cap, its cerebral hemodynamic counterpart has not been assessed in healthy subjects so far. All psg signals, converted to european data format edf, as well as the corresponding and synchronized time series of sleep stages, were transferred in a blinded fashion to the cap scorer. Cyclic alternating pattern cap is a spontaneous and physiological rhythm of nonrapid eye movement nonrem sleep, characterized by eeg oscillations arranged in sequences of cycles composed of transient electrocortical events phase a and by the following retrieval to background eeg activity phase b. Alterations in cyclic alternating pattern associated with. The cyclic alternating pattern cap is a periodic electroencephalogram activity of nonrem sleep, characterized by sequences of transient electrocortical events that are distinct from the tonic background and recur at up to 1min intervals. For example, pressman4 recently looked at delta bursts in different sleep disorders, and published a clear example of a cap cycle and never mentioned the term or the possible need to analyze sleep. Each cyclic alternating pattern cycle is composed of a phase a phasic events and a phase b background rhythm.
In the concrete sleep stage the level of arousal is assumed to be stable 8. To compare sleep microstructure cyclic alternating pattern, cap characteristics in otherwise healthy overweight ow and normal weight nw childrenpolysomnographic crosssectional studysleep laboratoryfiftyeight 26 nw and 32 ow 10yearold childrennaparticipants. Cycling alternating and alphaeeg patterns may contribute to. This microstructural pattern of sleep is characterized by sequences of transient electrocortical events lasting up to 1 min, which occur at regular intervals and can be differentiated from background eeg activity by frequency andor amplitude alterations. Cap is defined as cyclic alternating pattern very frequently. Analysis of aphase transitions during the cyclic alternating. The slowwave components of the cyclic alternating pattern. A cyclic alternating pattern cap sequence is composed by a succession of cap cycles. Cap represents an integrative tool to enhance knowledge on the. Cyclic alternating pattern cap is a neurophysiological pattern that can be visually scored by international criteria. Cyclic alternating pattern is associated with cerebral hemodynamic. Cyclic alternating pattern is organized in sequences organized in successive cycles. The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility of visual cap scoring using only one channel of sleep electroencephalogram eeg to. Cap is a sleep phenomenon composed by consecutive sequences of aphases each aphase could belong to a possible group a1, a2 or a3 observed during the nonrem sleep.
The slowwave components of the cyclic alternating pattern cap have a role in sleeprelated learning processes. The cyclic alternating pattern is a characteristic phasic event present in the electroencephalogram signals and is commonly scored by experts through a visual examination. Judiciously classifying phasea subtypes in cyclic alternating pattern cap is critical for investigating sleep dynamics. Automatic detection of a phases of the cyclic alternating pattern.
Besides, duration, depth and continuity, sleep restorative properties depend on the capacity of the brain to create periods of sustained stable sleep. Such restrictions make it hard to develop programs, such as cvs, which communicate over computer networks. It is a pattern of spontaneous cortical activity, which is ongoing and in the absence of sensory stimulation. The study of the cyclic alternating pattern cap is an approach of relatively recent introduction integrating the traditional analysis of the sleep architecture with a more detailed description of the dynamic mechanisms at the basis of sleep. Cycling alternating and alphaeeg patterns may contribute to cpap noncompliance among sleep apnea patients. The cyclic alternating pattern cap is a periodic eeg activity occurring during nrem sleep. It is characterized by cyclic sequences of cerebral activation phase a followed by periods of deactivation phase b which separate two successive phase a periods with an interval cyclic alternating pattern abbreviated cap is a pattern of two, longlasting alternate electroencephalogram eeg patterns that occur in sleep, as described by terzano, et al, in 1985. Dottorato di ricerca in scienze mediche specialistiche. Jul 26, 2012 the cyclic alternating pattern cap of eeg activity during sleep. May 01, 2001 read report of the workshop on the scoring and clinical applications of the cyclic alternating pattern, sleep medicine on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
The cyclic alternating pattern cap, that is, cyclic variation of brain activity within nonrem sleep stages, is related to sleep instability and preservation, as well as consolidation of learning. Cap abbreviation stands for cyclic alternating pattern. A cyclic number is an integer in which cyclic permutations of the digits are successive multiples of the number. Cyclic alternating pattern how is cyclic alternating.
Sleep bruxism is a disorder related to periodic arousals. The cyclic alternating pattern plays a gatecontrol on. The most widely known is the sixdigit number 142857 please see below explanation given in examples. Cyclic alternating pattern cap has now been studied in different age groups of normal infants and children, and it is clear that it shows dramatic changes with age.
Cyclic alternating pattern how is cyclic alternating pattern abbreviated. The cyclic motor patterns in the human colon pervez. Effect of carbamazepine on the sleep microstructure of temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and. The cyclic alternating pattern abbreviated cap is a pattern of two, longlasting alternate electroencephalogram eeg patterns that occur in sleep, as described by terzano, et al. It is characterized by cyclic sequences of cerebral activation phase a followed by periods of deactivation phase b which separate two successive phase a periods with an interval cyclic alternating pattern cap is a periodic electroencephalogram activity of nonrem sleep, characterized by sequences of transient electrocortical events that are distinct from the tonic. Nayak cs1, sinha s2, nagappa m3, thennarasu k4, taly ab3. An example of cyclic alternating pattern in sleep stage 2. Hypersynchronous slow delta, cyclic alternating pattern and. An analysis of the eeg signal during the bphase and aphases transitions of the cyclic alternating pattern cap during sleep is presented. Request pdf cyclic alternating pattern in polysomnography. The cyclic alternating pattern cycle is composed of a phase a lumps of sleep phasic events followed by a phase b return to eeg background.
Alternating definition of alternating by the free dictionary. Cyclic alternating pattern cap is the eeg marker of unstable sleep, a concept which is poorly appreciated among the metrics of sleep physiology. Example of the eeg signal classification into the cyclic alternating pattern cap. The cyclic alternating pattern and the brain body coupling during sleep l. T1 the cyclic alternating pattern plays a gatecontrol on periodic limb movements during nonrapid eye movement sleep. Cyclic alternating pattern is associated with cerebral. Cyclic alternating pattern in sleep and its relationship to. Comparison between visual scoring of cyclic alternating pattern cap and computerized assessment of slow eeg oscillations. Social cycle theories are among the earliest social theories in sociology. Cyclic alternating pattern is an eeg marker of sleep instability that modulates the flexibility of sleep in both physiological conditions and in.
What is the abbreviation for cyclic alternating pattern. Sleep cyclic alternating pattern in normal schoolage children. Identifying phaseamplitude coupling in cyclic alternating. Cyclic definition of cyclic by the free dictionary. Bruxism episodes were equally distributed between nonrem and rem sleep, but were more frequent in stages 1 and 2 p cyclic alternating pattern and always occurred during a transient arousal. Mm jobert, c tismer, e poiseau, h schulzwavelets a new tool in sleep biosignal analysis. Chapter 8 the cyclic alternating pattern cap in human sleep.
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